Level 5 Leadership

14. Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative: Red River to Appomattox (New York: Random House, 1975), 1040; James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Ballantine Books, 1989), 854.
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22. “Maxwell Relinquishes Rights to $5.5 Million Final Retirement Payment,” PR Newswire, January 21, 1992; “$5.5 Million Declined by Ex-Official,” Washington Post, January 22, 1992, Fl.
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23. “Iacocca’s Last Stand,” Fortune, April 20, 1992, 63.
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24. “Sincere Tyranny,” Forbes, January 28, 1985, 54.
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25. “Managing: Leaders of Corporate Change,” Fortune, December 14, 1992, 104.
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26. “Chairman Quits Post,” New York Times, November 17, 1992, D5; “Rubbermaid’s Sad Succession Tale,” New York Times, July 5, 1987, C1.
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27. “Is Rubbermaid Reacting Too Late?” New York Times, December 22, 1996, A1.
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54. Joseph F. Cullman 3d, I’m a Lucky Guy (Joseph F. Cullman 3d, 1998).
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55. Gordon McKibben, Cutting Edge: Gillette’s Journey to Global Leadership (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1998), 78–79.
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First Who, Then What

2. Warren Buffet, The Essays of Warren Buffet: Lessons for Corporate America, selected, arranged, and introduced by Lawrence A. Cunningham (Lawrence A. Cunningham, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, 1998), 97.
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3. Research Interview #11-B, page 5.
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4. Duane Duffy, “Industry Analysis Unit” (unpublished), Good to Great research project, summer 1998, CRSP financial data analysis.
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12. Research Interview #3-I, page 7.
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13. Research Interview #3-I, pages 3–14.
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14. Research Interview #3-I, page 7.
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15. Research Interview #3-I, pages 3, 15.
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16. Research Interview #3-A, page 13.
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17. Research Interview #3-D, page 6.
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18. “Eckerd Ad Message: Tailored to Fit,” Chainstore Age Executive, May 1988, 242; “Heard on the Street,” Wall Street Journal, January 21, 1964, B25; “Jack Eckerd Resigns as Chief Executive,” Wall Street Journal, July 24, 1974, 17; “J.C. Penney Gets Eckerd Shares,” Wall Street Journal, December 18, 1996, B10; “J.C. Penney Has Seen the Future,” Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Magazine, February 1, 1997, 28.
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19. Research Interview #10-E, page 16.
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20. “Tuning In,” Forbes, April 13, 1981, 96; “Video Follies,” Forbes, November 5, 1984, 43; Research Interview #10-F, page 10.
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48. Eric Hagen, “Executive Churn Analysis” (unpublished), Good to Great research project, summer 1999.
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49. “Gillette: The Patient Honing of Gillette,” Forbes, February 16, 1981, 83–87.
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Confront the Brutal Facts

31. Winston S. Churchill, The Grand Alliance (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950), 371.
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32. Churchill created this special unit and put a lot of weight on it. According to Martin Gilbert, Churchill frequently consulted his Statistical Office, which was headed by a civilian, Professor Lindemenn, before he made critical decisions. He directly and continuously asked them to “check facts” on such important topics as munitions production, imports and shipping losses, aircraft losses, and aircraft production. Martin Gilbert, The Churchill War Papers, vol. 2 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1995), xvii.
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33. Winston S. Churchill, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), 667.
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59. Jim and Sybil Stockdale, In Love and War (Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990); Stockdale Triumphs, video presentation—1994 Stanford Alumni Association (Stanford, Calif.).
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The Hedgehog Concept

2. Isaiah Berlin, The Hedgehog and the Fox (Chicago: Elephant Paperbacks, 1993).
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3. Conversation with Marvin Bressler, October 2000.
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Building Your Company’s Vision

2. Author interview, New Brunswick, NJ, February 1995.
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3. David Packard, speech given to HP’s training group on 8 March 1960, courtesy of Hewlett-Packard Company archives.
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4. Daniel J. Boorstin, The Americans: The Democratic Experience (New York: Vintage Books, 1974), 548.
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5. William Manchester, The Last Lion (Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1988), 686.
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Laboratory illustrations: Jon Keegan